Acknowledgements & Endnotes

crowd with raised fists

AUTHORS: Daniel Laurison, Kelly Diaz, Monica Guzman, Zachary Kreines, Kaj Tug Lee, Lydia Orr, and Sahiba Tandon 

CONTACT: 
Daniel Laurison, Associate Professor of Sociology and Director of the HEARD Initiative. 
Email: dlauris1@swarthmore.edu
Swarthmore College
500 College Avenue
Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA

ADDITIONAL AUTHORS AND RESEARCHERS: Felisa Adderly, Muzammal Afzal, Claudia Alegre, Nicole Banales, Rachel Broun, Mary Camuso, Bernard D. DiGregorio, Danae Davis, Kyyia Ford, Madeline Fox, Bianca Gonzales, Chioma Ibida, Annette Kim, Chloe Lee, Ray McMiller, Brenda Mondragon, Diana Ximena Olmos Mora, Barbara Truc Pham, Jimmy Pham, Ankit Rastogi, Chloe Ricks, Gabrielle Rubinstein, Chris Santizo-Malafronti, Samaria Turner, Ella Vetter, Nancy Vu, and Elizabeth Zack. 

WITH SUPPORT FROM: The Carnegie Corporation, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore’s Lang Center for Civic & Social Responsibility, and the Sheila Y. Oliver Center for Politics and Race in America. 

RECOMMENDED CITATION: Laurison, Daniel, Kelly Diaz, Monica Guzman, Zachary Kreines, Kaj Tug Lee, Lydia Orr, and Sahiba Tandon. 2026. The Political Disconnect: Working-Class and Low-Income People on What Politics Means to Them and How They Might Be Mobilized. HEARD Initiative. Swarthmore College. doi:10.24968/2476-2458.soan.215

 

Endnotes

  1. Schaffner, Brian; Shih, Marissa; Ansolabehere, Stephen; Pope, Jeremy, 2025, “Cooperative Election Study Common Content, 2024”, doi.org/10.7910/DVN/X11EP6, Harvard Dataverse, V9
  2. ibid
  3. Bonica, Adam, Jacob M. Grumbach, Charlotte Hill, and Hakeem Jefferson. 2021. “All-Mail Voting in Colorado Increases Turnout and Reduces Turnout Inequality.” Electoral Studies 72:102363. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102363. Berinsky, Adam J. 2005. “The Perverse Consequences of Electoral Reform in the United States.” American Politics Research 33(4):471–91. doi:10.1177/1532673X04269419.
  4. Gilens, Martin. 2012. Affluence and Influence: Economic Inequality and Political Power in America. Princeton University Press; Schlozman, Kay Lehman, Henry E. Brady, and Sidney Verba. 2018. Unequal and Unrepresented: Political Inequality and the People’s Voice in the New Gilded Age. Princeton University Press.
  5. Bruch, Sarah K., Myra Marx Ferree, and Joe Soss. 2010. “From Policy to Polity: Democracy, Paternalism, and the Incorporation of Disadvantaged Citizens.” American Sociological Review 75(2):205–26. doi:10.1177/0003122410363563.
  6. Carnes, Nicholas. 2018. The Cash Ceiling: Why Only the Rich Run for Office – and What We Can Do about It. Princeton ; Oxford: Princeton University Press.
  7. Laurison, Daniel. 2022. Producing Politics: Inside the Exclusive Campaign World Where the Privileged Few Shape Politics for All of Us. Boston: Beacon Press.
  8. Enos, Ryan D., and Eitan D. Hersh. 2015. “Party Activists as Campaign Advertisers: The Ground Campaign as a Principal-Agent Problem.” American Political Science Review 109(2):252–78. doi:10.1017/S0003055415000064.
  9. Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
  10. Green, Donald P., and Alan S. Gerber. 2015. Get Out the Vote: How to Increase Voter Turnout. third edition edition. Brookings Institution Press.
  11. New Haven: Yale University Press. LeRoux, Kelly, Julie Langer, and Samantha Plotner. 2022. “Nonprofit Messaging and the 2020 Election: Findings from a Nonpartisan Get-Out-The-Vote (GOTV) Field Experiment.” Nonprofit Policy Forum. doi:10.1515/npf-2021-0062.
  12. Bedolla, Lisa Garcia, and Melissa R. Michelson. 2012. Mobilizing Inclusion: Transforming the Electorate Through Get-Out-the-Vote Campaigns
  13. Ross, Bertrall L., and Douglas M. Spencer. 2019. “Passive Voter Suppression: Campaign Mobilization and the Effective Disfranchisement of the Poor.” Northwestern University Law Review 114(3):633–704.
  14. Schaffner, Brian; Shih, Marissa; Ansolabehere, Stephen; Pope, Jeremy, 2025, “Cooperative Election Study Common Content, 2024”, doi.org/10.7910/DVN/X11EP6, Harvard Dataverse, V9
  15. Enos, Ryan D., Anthony Fowler, and Lynn Vavreck. 2014. “Increasing Inequality: The Effect of GOTV Mobilization on the Composition of the Electorate.” The Journal of Politics 76(01):273–88.