Historical websites for The Struggle for African-American Enfranchisement:
Overview websites:
http://www.hss.caltech.edu/~kousser/Kousser.html (This website is essential; operated by Prof. J. Morgan Kousser of CalTech, a student of the great historian C.Vann Woodward. Morgan Kousser wrote the first modern study of black disenfranchisement and it is still the essential starting point for understanding that profoundly important period in American political development.)
http://www.sagehistory.net/civilrights/documents.html (Rich with all kinds of documentary material; maintained by an historian.) See also
Struggle During the Civil War
A key phase in the struggle for African-American enfranchisement was the Civil War.
Reconstruction
http://www.law.ou.edu/hist/suff.html (Text of Frederick Douglass's "Appeal for Impartial Suffrage") http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart5.html (Library of Congress website: "African-American Odyssey") http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/reconstruction/index.html (Digital catalogue of an important exhibit on Reconstruction put on by the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond.) http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/stagser/s1259/121/6050/html/1010.html
http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/dtroy/project/story.html (Both sites are essential for understanding Reconstruction and its aftermath in Maryland -- which, in turn, is important for understanding why formal-legal disenfranchisement did not succeed in Maryland, though it was attempted.) http://www.lib.rochester.edu/rbk/douglass/writings.stm
(Website of the University of Rochester Frederick Douglass Project.) http://www.tamu.edu/gaines/bgsa.html
(How Texas A&M owes its existence to the legislative work of a Reconstruction-era African-American state legislator.)
Another Window Into Reconstruction: Contemporary “White Heritage” Resentment:
http://www.ncrepublic.org/index.html (Website of a group that wants to "re-establish" a "white republic" in North Carolina -- for these people the Reconstruction is the central event in American political development. The site contains fascinating material.)After Reconstruction
http://www.rbhayes.org/hayes/ (Website of the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library.) http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aap/aaphome.html (Library of Congress website.) http://digital.nypl.org/schomburg/images_aa19/(Schomburg Library website: images of African-Americans in the 19th century.)
Disenfranchisement
http://mshistory.k12.ms.us/features/feature10/1890_state_constitution.html (Mississippi's disenfranchising constitution of 1890, an even that gained national attention.) http://www.legislature.state.al.us/misc/history/constitutions/constitutions.html (Alabama's many constitutions, including the 1901 disenfranchising constitution.) http://www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/1898-wrrc/
http://statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us/nc/bio/afro/riot.htm
http://www.mith.umd.edu/courses/amvirtual/wilmington/wilmington.html (These three sites all deal with the Wilmington race riot of 1898, which launched black disenfranchisement in North Carolina.) http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/whitegh/whitegh.html (The farewell speech of the last African-American legislator in Congress from the South before the Second Reconstruction. George White represented the "black second," a predominantly African-American district in North Carolina. He gave this speech in 1901.)
The Struggle Against Disenfranchisement
http://www.help-for-you.com/news/Feb2002/Feb06s/PRT06-282Article.html
http://www.vahistorical.org/sva2003/walker.htm
http://www.nps.gov/malw/home.htm
http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whoweare/exhibits/mitchell/
http://www.virginia.edu/woodson/
http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/
http://plaza.ufl.edu/wardb/SRC_Home.htm
http://www.arkansasheritage.com/people_stories/africanamericans/page8.asp
The Impact on America of Disenfranchisement:
http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/home.htmhttp://enceladus.isr.umich.edu/race/Measurement.html
Making the Voting Rights Act
http://www.lib.usm.edu/~spcol/crda/index.htmlhttp://www.spidermartin.com/about.html
http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/09/12/smitherman.loss/
http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/FreedomNow/themes/mfdp/
http://straylight.law.cornell.edu/anncon/html/amdt15frag4_user.html
http://democracy.soundprint.org/FLHTestimony.php
http://www.huarchivesnet.howard.edu/9911huarnet/branton.htm
http://www.lib.usm.edu/~archives/m368.htm?m368text.htm~mainFrame
http://www.nvrmi.org/
http://www.oldwestbury.edu/faculty_pages/watson/mitchellpapers.htm
http://www.outreach.olemiss.edu/Freedom_Riders/Timeline.html
http://www.crmvet.org/crmlinks.htm
Implementing the Voting Rights Act
http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/voting/http://www.nbcsl.com/
http://www.crmvet.org/vet/barber.htm
http://www.southernstudies.org/svrp.asp
http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/voting.html
http://www.archives.gov/news/john-roberts/
http://www.ualr.edu/~arwomen/law.htm
Defending the Voting Rights Act
http://www.law.sc.edu/votingrights/http://www.democracysouth.org/
http://www.democracysouth.org/
http://www.faithandpolitics.org/
http://www.votingrights.org/
