1 Reader Letter [RL], December 27, 1907, Ray Stannard Baker (David Grayson) Papers, quoted by permission of the Jones Library, Inc., Amherst, Massachusetts. All letters cited are in this collection. To protect the privacy of correspondents and descendents, "reader letters" are designated RL.

2 Joe L. Dubbert, "Progressivism and the Masculinity Crisis," and Jeffrey P. Hantover, "The Boy Scouts and the Validation of Masculinity" in The American man, ed. Elizabeth H. Pleck, Joseph H. Pleck (Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, 1980). Also, E. Anthony Rotundo, American Manhood (Basic Books: New York 1993), ch. 10.

3 . Mark C. Carnes and Clyde Griffen., eds., Meanings for Manhood: Constructions of Masculinity in Victorian America d(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990); Margaret Marsh, Suburban Lives (New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press, 1990); Michael Kimmel, Manhood in America (New York: The Free Press, 1996), chs. 4-5; Arnaldo Testi, "The Gender of Reform Politics: Theodore Roosevelt and the culture of masculinity, " Journal of American History 81 (1995): 1509-33.

4 Tom Pendergast, Creating the Modern man: American Magazines and Consumer Culture. 1900-1950 (Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2000), Introduction, ch. 3, Conclusion; Matthew Schneirov, The Dream of a New Social Order: Popular Magazines in America 1893-1914 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994).

5 Kathy Lee Peiss,, Cheap Amusements ( Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986) applies the terms "homosocial" and "heterosocial" to working class women. But they apply equally to middleclass women. For example Lynn D. Gordon, Gender and Higher Education in the Progressive Era (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990); and Lewis A. Erenberg, Steppin' out: New York Nightlife and the Transformation of American Culture, 1890-1930. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981).

6 Baker, Native American: The Book of My Youth (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1941), ch. 1.

7 Baker, "Diary," Mar. 27, 1887, Ray Stannard Baker Papers, Library of Congress [RSBLC]. For background see Stephen M. Frank, Life with Father: Parenthood and Masculinity in the Nineteenth-Century American North. (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998).

8 Baker to J.S. Baker, February 14, 1886, RSBLC.

9 Baker to J.S. Baker, January 13, 1893, 1894; John E. Semonche, Ray Stannard Baker: A Quest for Democracy in Modern America 1870-1918 (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press 1969), 11. Also Robert C. Bannister, Ray Stannard Baker: The Mind and Thought of a Progressive (Yale University Press:New Haven 1966), ch. 1.

10 Baker, Native American, quoted in Rotundo, American Manhood , 61.

11 Baker to J.S. Baker, September 14, 1905, RSBLC. See R. Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace, (New York: Pantheon Books, 1981), ch. 1 on the sense of "weightlessness" of this generation.; and Howard P. Chudacoff, The Age of the Bachelor (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), 87-88, 129-30, on the bachelor subculture.

12 "J Pierpont Morgan," McClure's, XVII (October, 1901): 507- 18; Baker to Jessie Baker, June 26, 1898; Rotundo, American Manhood, 247. On masculinity and the Spanish-American War see Kristin L. Hoganson, Fighting for American Manhood (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).

13 Michael Schudsen, Discovering the News (New York: Basic Books, 1978), 79-85.

14 David Grayson, Adventures in Contentment, New York: Doubleday, Page, 1907), 133

15 Charles Wagner The Simple life tr. from the French by Mary Louise Hendee, (New York: McClure, Phillips & co., 1904).

16 Nicholas V. Lindsay, "Ik Marvel Afoot," Chicago Evening Post, January 23, 1914. Donald Grant Mitchell ("Ik Marvel") wrote Reveries of a Bachelor: or, A book of the heart ( New York : Charles Scribner, 1850) and Dream life: a fable of the seasons (New York, Charles Scribner, 1851).

17 Lindsay, op. cit.; RL(2) , October 17, 1907, [1906].

18 Baker," Why I shall Vote 'Yes,'" American Magazine 81 (October, 1915): 58-61.

19 David Grayson, Adventures in Friendship (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1910), 75, 93.

20 David Grayson, Hempfield (New York: Doubleday,Page, 1910), 19.

21 Baker to J.S. Baker, September 14, 1905, RSBLC; and to Jessie Baker, January 27, 1907.

22 Baker to Jessie Baker, Oct. 26, Dec. 7, 1895; to J.S. Baker, ;American Chronicle, 54; to Jessie, November 19, 1895, July 31, 1898.

23 Baker to Jessie Baker, October 10, 1892, January 2, 1894; to J.S. Baker, March 8, 1898.

24 Baker to Jessie Baker, August 10, 1892, Mar. 24, Nov. 6, 1895; David Grayson, Hempfield, (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1915), 20.

25 Baker to Jessie Beal [Baker], August 28, 1894, July 10, 1898; American Chronicle (New York: Scribner's sons, 1945), 98.

26 Baker to Jessie Beal [Baker], August 3, 1894. For Baker's publications see http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/rbannis1/Baker.

27 Baker to Jessie Baker, November 18, 1905.

28 "A Traveling Man" to David Grayson, December 2, 1909; Baker. to J.S. Baker, January 23, 1898, RSBLC; Adventures in Contentment, 121-22.

29 RL, "What One Can Accomplish by Will-Power," [n.d.] ms.

30 RL , April 3 [no year].

31 William O'Neill, Divorce in the Progressive Era (New Haven: Yale Press, 1967).

32 RL, October 29, 1915.

33 RL (2), August 6, 1916, February 5, 1915.

34 RL (3), December 27, 1907, October 28, 1907, December 27, 1907.

35 RL(2), October 19, 1915, November 1, 1907.

36 RL(2), July 31, 1908, August 2, 1908.

37 RL (4) n.d. [1915-16] , May 13, 1917, June 2, 1917.