• Brent Dow Allinson Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Writings (poems, etc.); newspaper clippings

• Roger Nash Baldwin Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Miscellaneous items  [see also American Civil Liberties Union Collected Records (CDGA); American Civil Liberties Union: National Committee on Conscientious Objectors Records  (DG 022)]

• Fred Briehl Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Biographical booklet

• Philip Caplovitz Collected Papers (CDGA)

• miscellaneous items; photographs
  

• Paul Markley Cope Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Quaker; re: reconstruction work

• Eugene Debs Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Wobbly leader; pamphlets re: his court case

• Ulysses DeRosa Collected Papers (CDGA)

• “Odyssey of a WWI Conscientious Objector”; Sept. 16, 1915 letter

• Eichel Family Papers  (DG 131)

• Diaries, letters and documents of David and Julius Eichel; “The Leavenworth Mutiny” by Julius Eichel in WRL News (January-February 1973); mss. “Personal History of a Conscientious Objector” by Julius Eichel, 1942

• William Nye Doty Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Miscellaneous items [see also Eichel Family Papers ( DG 131)]

• Harold Studley Gray Papers (CDGA)

• Record of trial; “Letters from a Political Prisoner in a Military Hospital USA,” Dec. 1918; see also his book Character ‘Bad’: The Story of a Conscientious Objector, 1924

• Wray Hoffman Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Diary, September 1917 - September 1919

• Cameron Holland [Holland Cameron?] Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Quaker; June 1918 letter

• William Kantor Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Biographical information, passes, meal allowances, dishonorable discharge, mss. “Memoirs of a Modern ‘Convinced’ Friend”; see also his photographs

• Erling H. Lunde Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Writings; court martial defense

• Lazarus Baer Marcowitz Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Miscellaneous items

• Isaac Mitchell Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Draft board questionnaire, January 3, 1918

• Evan Thomas Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Court martial record, obituary, writings, letters to his mother and to brother Norman; see also the book The Radical No ed. by Charles Chatfield and letters lists below under Other

• Rudolph Vrana Collected Papers (CDGA)

•  Court martial record

• Robert Whitaker Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Poem “I Was in Prison,” 1920?

• Monroe Wulff Collected Papers (CDGA)

• Miscellaneous items

ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS: GROUPS/ORGANIZATIONS

• Committee of 100 Friends of Conscientious Objection Collected Records (CDGA)

• Miscellaneous items

• New York Bureau of Legal Advice Collected Records (CDGA)

• Letters to/from C.O.s and from family members of C.O.s and army/government officials; documents; trial records; etc.; see also photos
  

ARTICLES IN MAGAZINES AND NEWSPAPERS

• “The Disenfranchisement of the Conscientious Objectors” by unknown author in Unity 80:17 (December 27, 1917), pages 271-272

• “Dungeons in America, 1919” by Alice Park in _____ (August 1919), from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers [Park  from Palo Alto, California; had visited Alcatraz Military Prison in August 1919 and had long talks with four C.O.s]

• “Examples of American Justice” by Ivan Suseff in The Liberator (February 1919), from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [Suseff was a Molokan C.O. at Ft. Riley]

• “Experiences With Conscientious Objectors” by R. Cadwallader, M.D., [leaflet reprinted] in American Medicine XXV:7 (July 1930), from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10

• “An Experiment in Conscience” by M.C. Otto in _____ [possibly in publication of the National Civil Liberties Bureau?] (circa July 1919), pages 50-55, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [includes letter written by Carl Haessler to his wife, June 21, 1918, about his decision to refuse to wear the uniform at Camp Sheridan]

• “Eyewitness Accounts” in Mennonite Life 30:3 (September 1975) [part of 300 interviews of Mennonites in the Schowalter Oral History Project at Bethel College]

• “The Fort Leavenworth General Strike of Prisoners: An Experiment in the Radical Guidance of Mass Discontent” by Carl Haessler in Labor Defender (circa 1918-1919), from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors

• “The Hutterites During World War I” by John D. Unruh in Mennonite Life 24:3 (July 1969)

• “Iron Jackets of Objectors is Rule for Prisoners at Alcatraz Island These Days” in San Diego Sun (February 3, 1920), from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10

• “Mennonite Rhetoric in World War I: Keeping the Faith” by Susan Schultz Huxman in Mennonite Life 43:3 (September 1988)

• “Mennonites and the Conscription Trap” by Allan Teichroew in Mennonite Life 30:3 (September 1975)

• “Mennonites Refuse All War Service” in Unity 80:3 (September 20, 1917)

• “Military Prisons and the C.O.” by Winthrop D. Lane in The Survey (1919), from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors

• “Mocked! The Agony of the Righteous” by Bradford Young in The Churchman (March 15, 1934), from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [compares WWI C.O.s to Christian martyrs; mentions Duane Swift at Camp Pike, and Evan Thomas]

• “Objectors Sent to Prison: Thirty Years for Upton Soldiers Who Refused to Take Any Orders” in _____ (undated), from DG 110: Mercedes M. Randall Papers, Series IV, Box 6, WWI album/scrapbook  [mentions Samuel Sterenstein and Julius Eichel (misspelled Eichol)]

• “Persecution Up to Date” by John Haynes Holmes in Unity (June 5, 1919), pages 163-164, from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors [includes two letters written by two C.O.s at Ft. Leavenworth]

• “Post-Armistice Courts-Martial of Conscientious Objectors in Camp Funston, 1918-1919” by Gerlof D. Homan in Mennonite Life 44:4 (December 1989)

• “The Present State of Conscientious Objectors” by Norman Thomas? in The World Tomorrow (November 1918?), pages 287-288, from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors

• “Prisoner Is Killed by Sentry” in Salt Lake Herald (Nov. 23, 1919?), from Subject File I [re: Ernest Balmer]

• “Probing the Impact of World War I” by John F. Schmidt in Mennonite Life 26:4 (December 1971)

• “Quits Columbia: Assails Trustees” in _____ (undated), from DG 110: Mercedes M. Randall, Series IV, Box 6, WWI album/scrapbook [re: Charles A. Beard, Professor of Political Science at Columbia University]

• “Solitary” by Winthrop D. Lane in The Survey (May 15, 1919), pages 350-358, from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors

• “The Strike at Fort Leavenworth” by Winthrop D. Lane in The Survey 41:20 (February 15, 1919), pages 687-693, from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors

• “Visiting a Grandfather’s Prison Cell at Alcatraz” by Jean Grosser in Cooker College Commentary 30:4 (Winter 2003) [re: Philip Grosser]

• “Voices Against War: A Mennonite Oral History of World War I” by Keith L. Sprunger in Mennonite Life 28:1 (March 1973) [see also book by the same name]

• “War Denounced as 13,000 Cheer” in The World (June 1917) [includes picture of Columbia University students, Charles Francis Philips and Owen Cattel, who were jailed on charges of conspiracy to defeat the conscription laws; missing page 1]

• “The War Department and the Conscientious Objectors” by Charles F. Dole in Unity 84:24 (February 12, 1920), pages 378-379

• “World War I Pacifist Suffered for His Faith: Once Despised, Now Honored, Ben Salmon Endured Jail, Force-Feeding and Public Contempt for His Convictions” by Melissa Jones in National Catholic Reporter 39:40 (September 19, 2003), page 34

• “Would Let Sinners Fight” in _____ (1918), from DG 110: Mercedes M. Randall, Series IV, Box 6, WWI album/scrapbook  [re: Russelite Clayton J. Woodword of Scranton, Pennsylvania]

• “The Test of Faith: A Chapter in Non-Resistance” by Edward C.M. Richards, reprinted from The Atlantic Monthly (May 1923), from Subject File #1: Nonresistance

• “The Conscientious Objector” by Dr. George Herbert Mead (undated), from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10

• “Conscientious Objectors and Alternative Service” by Allen D. Hole (1917), from DG 027: Peace Association of Friends in America

• “Conscientious Objectors: The Facts” by the American Civil Liberties Union (July 1920),  from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series 1, Box 10  [Information Series, Bulletin #5; includes lists of C.O.s still in prison]

• “Court-Martial Bureaucracy” by Charles Johnson Post (1919?) [four-page leaflet reprinted by the Amnesty Committee of Chicago, from a March 29, 1919 article in The Public; Post was formerly 1st Lt. in the 71st Infantry]

• “‘Crucifixions’ in the Twentieth Century: The Cases of Jacob Wipf and the Three Hofer Brothers, Religious Objectors to War…” by Erling H. Lunde? (December 1918), from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors [re: four Hutterites who died in prison]

• “Defense of Erling H. Lunde, Conscientious Objector to War, Made Before a Court Martial at Camp Funston, October 15, 1918” by Erling H. Lunde? (December 1918), from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors

• “Desecration of the Dead by American ‘Huns’: A Narrative by David Hofer...” by Erling H. Lunde (February 1919), from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors [re: four Hutterites who died in prison]

• “The Great War and the Years to Follow: A Brief Statement of the Beliefs and Faith of the Friends (Quakers) With Respect to Important Questions Arising Out of the Present World Crisis” by Allen D. Hole, 1917, from DG 027: Peace Association of Friends in America Records

• “If War Should Come and I’d Refuse” by Ernest L. Meyer in The Christian Century (September 28, 1932), pages 1162-1163, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10

• “Jehovah’s Witnesses and the War” by the American Civil Liberties Union (1943), pages 32-33, from CDGA: American Civil Liberties Union Collected Records

• “Letters from a Political Prisoner in a Military Hospital U.S.A.” by Erling H. Lunde (December 1918), from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors

• “Moans from the Military Machine Referred to the American People: Revelations of Filth in Our Military Prison Life” by a group of C.O.s [or Erling H. Lunde?] (December 1918), in Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors

• “Nonresistance Under Test” by Nevin Bender and Emanuel Swartzentruber, 1969, in Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors -- Religious (Mennonite)

• “Political Prisoners in the United States Today” by the American Civil Liberties Union in Unity 85:8 (April 22, 1920), page 127

• “Speech of Hon. Charles H. Dillon Introducing Examples of Brutalities, Tortures, and Deaths to Political Prisoners Under Military Regime” by Charles H. Dillon ( January 1919), from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors

• “The Treatment of Conscientious Objectors” by S.M. Quackenbush in Unity 82:20 (January 23, 1919), pages 270-272 [re: treatment of C.O.s at Camp Funston, Ft. Jay, and Ft. Leavenworth]

• “The Trial of the Socialist Officials” by Susan Quakenbush in Unity 82:25 (February 27, 1919), page 335

• “Whither Freedom? A Study of the Treatment of Conscientious Objectors in the United States During World Wars I and II and Its Relation to the Concept of Freedom” by Harry A. Wallenberg Jr. (1954)

• “Who Are the Conscientious Objectors? A Plea for Justice for Those in Prison for Consciences’ Sake” by A Committee of 100 Friends of Conscientious Objectors

• “Your Amish Mennonite” by William Hard (circa 1919), from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series 1, Box 10 [reprinted from New Republic]

BOOKS

• April 2, 1917 letters by Evan Thomas to J. Nevin Sayre, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series A., Box 17 [not included in book of Evan Thomas letters]

• May 21, 1917 letters by Evan Thomas to J. Nevin Sayre, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series A., Box 17 [re: his musings about religion and its relation to war; not included in book of Evan Thomas letters]

• 1917-1918 (circa) statement of J. Robert James, from CDGA: American Friends Service Committee Collected Records [declared himself a C.O. in 1917; not drafted?; went to France to work for the AFSC and as an orderly at a hospital in the war zone]

• 1917-1918 (circa) statement by Edward C.M. Richards, from CDGA: American Friends Service Committee Collected Records

• April 24, 1918 letter by Erling H. Lunde to Norman Thomas, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [re: conditions at Ft. Douglas?]

• June 1918 - November 1918 letters by Evan Thomas to mother and to brother, Norman Thomas, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [written while at Camp Upton, Ft. Riley, and Ft. Leavenworth]

• June 1, 1918 letters by Evan Thomas to J. Nevin Sayre, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series A., Box 17 [re: C.O. issues at Camp Upton; not included in book of Evan Thomas letters]

• August 27, 1918 letter by J. Nevin Sayre to Norman Thomas, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series A, Box 17 [re: hunger strike at Ft. Riley]

• October 11, 1918 letter by Emma M. (Mrs. E.W.) Thomas to the President of the United States, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [re: her son, Evan Thomas, and other C.O.s at Ft. Riley]

• November 18, 1918 letter by A. Paul Brown, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [Brown was a sergeant at Ft. Leavenworth; he offered testimony about his high regard for the absolutist C.O.s and pled for intervention on their behalf]

• November 22, 1918 letter by Col. Sedgewick Rice (Commandant, Ft. Leavenworth) to Mrs. W.E. Thomas, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [re: her son, Evan Thomas, who had been in solitary confinement and handcuffed for 14 days because of his refusal to work in prison]

• December 3, 1918 letter by J. Nevin Sayre to Evan Thomas, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series A, Box 17

• 1918 (circa) statement by Guy W. Solt, from CDGA: American Friends Service Committee Collected Papers

• 1918-1920 (circa) “A Report on Conscientious Objectors at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas,” from Subject File I: Conscientious Objection/Objectors

• 1918-1920 (circa) report “Sanitary Conditions at the United States Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas” by Theodore Huebener, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10

• 1918-1920 (circa) untitled speech by Edith Reeves Solenberger given at Field Committee of Friends, from DG 176: Edith Reeves Solenberger Papers, Box 6 [re: Quakers, pacifism, and the draft]

• 1919 letter by Erling H. Lunde to Congressman Dent (Chair, House Committee on Military Affairs), from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors

• February 13, 1919 letter by Norman Thomas to Lt. Col. Dickinson (Medical Advisor, Office Chief of Staff, Washington, D.C.), from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10

• April 22 [23?], 1919 letter by Jacob Wortsman to “folks,” from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [re: his being crowded into one cell with 33 other C.O.s, including his brother Gus]

• April 26?, 1919 letter by Jacob Wortsman to “folks,” from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors [written at Post Guard House, Ft. Leavenworth]

• May 4, 1919 letter by unknown to Senator M. La Follette (Washington, D.C.), from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [reporting on conditions of C.O.s at Ft. Leavenworth]

• July 31, 1919 [1920?] Letter to the Editor “A Typical Case of War Department Oppression” by Charles F. Dole, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series 1, Box 10 [re: Philip Grosser, a Russian-born Jewish Socialist]

  

• August 21, 1919 court martial order, U.S.D.B. Alcatraz, for Charles C. Rodolf, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10

• August 21?, 1919 record of court martial trial for Charles C. Rodolf, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10

• August 30, 1919 letter/release by the Friends of Conscientious Objectors, Brooklyn, New York, from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors [includes extracts from a C.O. at Ft. Douglas, August 20, 1919]

• September 5, 1919 poem “Workhouse Wash” by Frank Stephens in The World

• September 19, 1919 “Report...to the National Civil Liberties Bureau of New York on Conditions at Alcatraz: Particularly Pertaining to the Political Prisoners Incarcerated There” by Rev. Robert Whitaker, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10

• November 9, 1919 telegram by Jules Wortsmann to Newton Baker (Secretary of War),, from Subject File #1: Conscientious Objection/Objectors [re: C.O. Jacob Rose in hospital at Ft. Douglas]

• March 2, 1920 letter by P.C. Harris (Adjutant General, War Department) to A.J. Vail (Peace Committee of Philadelphia, Yearly Meeting of Friends), from from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series 1, Box 10 [typed extract of letter; lists number of C.O.s released and those still in prison]

• July 17, 1920 letter [typed copy] by Benjamin J. Salmon to Newton D. Baker (Secretary of War), from DG 210: John Dear Papers (Acc. 05A-011) [re: his hunger strike; sent to John Dear by Dan Berrigan]

• November 16, 1939 mss. and two-page synopsis, with cover letter, by Arthur Dunham, from CDGA: American Friends Service Committee Collected Papers

• 1975 letters to/from Cornelius Voth and Lloy Kniss, gathered by Robert Horton for his book, from DG 223: Prisoner Support and Visitation Records

• Undated letter by Evan Thomas to J. Nevin Sayre, from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [re: hunger strike that he and three others undertook while at Ft. Riley to protest abuse of C.O.s; not included in book of Evan Thomas letters]

• Undated letter by Mrs. J. Greenberg to Norman Thomas [or to Sayre?], from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series 1, Box 10 [she included an excerpt of a letter, dated October 18, 1918, from her C.O. son about conditions at Camp Funston]

• Undated letter by George H. Hallett Jr., from CDGA: Elliston Morris Collected Papers

• Undated mss. “Civil Liberties in the United States During and After World War I” by Mary D. Brite, from CDGA: Mary D. Brite Collected Papers

• Undated mss. “Horrors of Alcatraz,” from CDGA: William Kantor Collected Papers

• Undated mss. “Ulysses DeRosa: A Conscientious Objector in World War I,” from DG 223: Prisoner Support and Visitation Records

• Undated poem “Frank James Burke” originally published in The Liberator, reprint from DG 117: J. Nevin Sayre Papers, Series I, Box 10 [re: C.O. who died at Ft. Douglas on July 30, 1919]

• Miscellaneous items re: the American Friends Reconstruction Unit [made up of many C.O.s], from DG 122: Edward Evans Papers, Box 1

• Information gathered re: Howard Moore by Robert Horton for his book Profiles of Conscience: Stories and Statements of War Objectors, from DG 223: Prisoner Support and Visitation Records

• Information gathered re: Wilbur Kamp by Robert Horton for his book Profiles of Conscience: Stories and Statements of War Objectors, from DG 223: Prisoner Support and Visitation Records [notes from when Kamp was 90 years old about being a C.O.]

• Information gathered re: William Kantor by Robert Horton for his book Profiles of Conscience: Stories and Statements of War Objectors, from DG 223: Prisoner Support and Visitation Records [includes quotes from Kantor’s widow, Mabel]

ONLINE RESOURCES BY SCPC STAFF

• Website of personal writings of WWI C.O.s by Anne Yoder
• Database of World War I C.O.s by Anne Yoder

• “Conscientious Objection During World War I” by Anne Yoder

• “Opposition to the War in the United States” by Wendy Chmielewski
  
  

FOREIGN SOURCES
ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS: PEOPLE

• Clifford Allen [Baron Reginald Clifford Allen, Lord of Hurtwood] Collected Papers (CDGB Great Britain)

• Harold Bing Collected Papers (CDGB Great Britain)

• A. Fenner Brockway, Collected Papers (CDGB Great Britain) [see also DG 086]

• T. Corder Catchpool Collected Papers (CDGB Great Britain)

• George F. Dutch Collected Papers (CDGB Great Britain)

• Henri Guilbeaux Collected Papers (CDGB France)

• Stephen Hobhouse Collected Papers (CDGB Great Britain)

• James H. Hudson Collected Papers (CDGB Great Britain)

• E.D. Morel Collected Papers (CDGB Great Britain) [see also DG 057]

• Benjamin J. Over Collected Papers (CDGB Great Britain)

• Robert Porchet Collected Papers (CDGB France) [see also DG 117, Series E, box 8]

• Sydney & Guy Turner Collected Papers (CDGB Great Britain)

• Wilfred Wellock Collected Papers (CDGB Great Britain)

• Anti-Conscription Campaign Committee (CDGB Australia)

• Anti-Conscription League of Australia (CDGB Australia)

• Friends Service Committee (CDGB Great Britain)

• National Council Against Conscription (CDGB Great Britain)

• National Council for Civil Liberties (CDGB Great Britain)

• No Conscription Fellowship (CDGB Great Britain)

• Vredeskring van Nederland (CDGB Netherlands)

ARTICLES/PAMPHLETS/LEAFLETS

• “Account of a British C.O.” by Percy W. Bartlett, in DG 081: Henry J. Cadbury Papers, Box 1

BOOKS

• A Call to Manhood and Other Struggles in Social Struggle: 26 Essays by Guy A. Aldred (The Strickland Press, Glasgow, Scotland), 1944

• Lest We Forget: Quaker Memories, 1914-1918 by Maude Robinson (Friends’ Book Centre, London, England), 1940

• On Two Fronts: Letters of a Conscientious Objector by Corder Catchpool (reprinted by Garland Publishing Company Inc., New York), 1972

• A Question of Conscience: Conscientious Objection in the Two World Wars by Felicity Goodall (Sutton Publishing, Great Britain), 1997

• Thoughts on the War: The Peace -- and Prison by E.D. Morel (the author, Westminster, England), 1920