Papers of Helene Stöcker, DG 035, Swarthmore College Peace Collection

Swarthmore College Peace Collection, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA; 610-328-8557

Helene Stöcker

Papers 1897, 1905-1943, 1969, 1970, 1989

Document Group: DG 035

Provenance:

Donors: Helene Stöcker, George Zueler, Ellen Starr Brinton, and others

Received: 1944, 1952, 1989

Size: 4.1 linear feet (1.33 m.)

Restrictions: None

Microfilm: None

Finding Aids: Checklist

Historical Introduction

Dr. Helene Stöcker (1869-1943) was born in Elberfeld, Germany. She was one of the first woman students to enter a German University. She also studied at the Universities of Glasgow and Berne, receiving her doctorate in 1901.

Her social activism began in 1902 when she helped found Germany's first woman suffrage organization. Three years later Stöcker was the driving force behind the Bund für Mutterschutz (Protection of Motherhood.) She served as chair of this organization until 1933. The Bund was founded to assist unwed mothers and their children. It ultimately provided a forum for debate on sexuality, contraception and abortion, as well as establishing reform of laws in favor of all mothers and children. Dr. Stöcker was editor and founder of the monthly magazine The New Generation, which she published from 1905 until 1933.

Stöcker was active in the German and international peace movement from the World War I period. She attended the International Congress of Women at The Hague in 1915 and other early congresses of the Women's International League. Stöcker belonged to several other peace organizations including the War Resisters' International , Bund Neues Vaterland (New Fatherland League), Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft (German Peace Society), and the International Peace Bureau. She was an associate of the late Dr. Ludwig Quidde, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1927. Stöcker connected her work in pacifism with the work in sexual reform when Muttershutz added a pacifist plank to their platform calling for their supporters to work for "existing and flourishing life," and against brute force in war and the state.

Dr. Stöcker was driven out of Germany by the Nazis in 1933 and lived for periods in Switzerland, England, and Sweden. Stöcker emigrated to the United States in 1941, under the sponsorship of friends and colleagues in the peace movement, especially those in the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. She died in 1943 in New York City.

Books and pamphlets Stöcker wrote include: Leibe, Moderne Bevolkerungspolitik, Lieben oder Hassen, Krieg und Altruismus, Verkunder und Verwirklicher, Die Frau und die Heiligkeit des Lebens, Sexualpedagogik, Krieg und Mutterschutz, and Kriegsdienst Verweigerung.

Significant correspondents include: Gertrud Baer, Emily Greene Balch, Mary Beard, Fenner Brockway, Gertrude Bussey, Ruth Gage-Colby, Dorothy Detzer, Lida Gustave Heymann, Dr. Karen Horney, Jessie Wallace Hughan, Alexandra Kollontai, Frederick J. Libby, Lola Maverick Lloyd, A.J. Muste, Tracy D. Mygatt, Mildred Scott Olmsted, Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Ludwig Quidde, Romain Rolland, Margaret Sanger, Rosika Schwimmer, Upton Sinclair, Agnes Smedley, and Bruno Springer.

Scope and Content

Stöcker materials in the Peace Collection came from several sources. The bulk was received after Dr. Stöcker's death from friends in charge of her affairs. A large set of records, chiefly correspondence from 1940 to 1943, between Eva Wiegelmesser, secretary of the Women's International League committee on Refugees and donors of funds to assist Dr. Stoecker was received in April 1952. This was sent by Ellen Starr Brinton. More recent materials consist of photocopies of items from other archives and writings about Stoecker from other donors.

Many of Dr. Stöcker's papers which were amongst belongings left in London, were subsequently destroyed in the bombing of that city during World War II.

The collection at Swarthmore consists of a typed copy of Stöcker's autobiography, her World War I diary, correspondence with friends and colleagues, Journals (1934, 1938-40, and 1942), manuscripts of articles and speeches, biographical materials, some published works, and material about Helene Stöcker.

Checklist

Box 1

I. Swarthmore College Peace Collection Record of Papers and Historical Introduction

II. Chronologies of Stöcker's life and work

III. Autobiography (unfinished)

IV. Kriegtagebuch

Box 2

V. Correspondence (Click here for list of individual names)

A. Personal: 1897, 1906

B. Helene Stöcker to Bruno Springer, Dec. 1916-Feb. 1917

C. Bruno Springer to Helene Stöcker, 1913-1921
Helene Stöcker to Albert Einstein, 1919-1922 (photocopies from Acc. 99A-027)

D. Helene Stöcker to Bruno Springer, Aug. 1926-May 1930

E. Correspondence to/from Sweden, 1939-1940

A-G

H-P
Q-Z

F. Correspondence 1938-1943

Adamic-Aufbau

Bab-Baer
Balabanoff-Barth

Box 3

F. Correspondence 1938-1943 (cont'd)

Baseler-Nationalzeitung-Bellquist

Bergman-Bolin

Bostrand-Bussey

Campaign for World Government-Colby

Columbia-Czechoslovakia

Danziger-Dosenheimer

Edinger-Exiled Writer's Committee

Faber-Fuchs

German-American League for Culture-Gumbel

Haas-Hull

Iarah-Intourist

Jackh-Josten

Kantorowicz-Kubie

Lagerlöf-Lloyd

Loewenfeld-Meitner

Box 4

F. Correspondence 1938-1943 (cont'd)

Meng-Mygatt

The Nation-Nothman

Ochs-Oprecht Verlag

P.E.N.-Philipsborn

Picton-Post War World Council

Quidde, Ludwig

May-Oct. 1939

Nov 1939-Aug. 1940

Sept. 1940-Feb. 1941

Sabor-Schwabe

Schwimmer, Rosika

Shanghai Jewish Chronicle-Spencer Corset Company

Steel-Stöcker, Lisa

Stone-Szanak

Box 5

F. Correspondence 1938-1943 (cont'd)

Tabouis-Tryon

Ucker-Villard

Wachsner-World Women's Party for Equal Rights

Zade-Zuelzer

Unidentified Letters

Box 6

VI. Journals: 1934, 1938-1940, 1942

VII. Manuscripts of Articles and Speeches: 1897, 1906-1908, 1937-1942

A. Article manuscripts, 1897

B. Article manuscripts from Neue Generation, 1906-1908

C. Article manuscripts, 1939-1940

D. Manuscripts of books and article reviews, 1940-1942

E. Article manuscripts, 1937-1942

F. Speeches, 1939, 1941-1942

VIII. Emigration from Germany, Immigration to U.S., Official papers and letters A. Letters from the German government, 1933, 1937-1938, 1941 B. Letters about U.S. immigration and Reisebericht of 28 March 1941 C. U.S. immigration forms and letters, 1941-1943 D. Swiss and Swedish passports

Box 7

IX. Notes

A. Notes on Neue Generation

B. Notes for autobiography

C. Reading notes

D. Book titles

E. Library cards and forms-London, Stockholm, New York

X. Photographs and diploma (1901 Doctorate, Bern)

XI. Address books (some in alphabetical order)

Box 8

XII. Medical records

A. "Krankheiten, Kuren, Diaetkuren"-list of illnesses, cures, diets, 1875-1941

B. 1941-1942 Diet information and Krankenrechnungen

XIII Financial records

A. Postcheckamt Zürich-checkbook, receipts

B. Bank of America correspondence, 1941-1942

C. U.S. Treasury Department-forms and letter, 1940-1942

D. Manufacturers Trust Company account information, check from Hellmut Simons, 2 March 1942

[XIII?]

XIV. Death: memorial service, newspaper articles, Robinson/Zuelzer letter about Stöcker's papers

Box 9

XV. Stöcker's unpublished works

A. List of books from Verlag der Neuen Generation, New York Public Library list of Stöcker's works

B. Zehn Jahre Mutterschutz, 1915

C. Kriegshefte des Bundes fuer Muttershutz, Berlin, 1915

D. Kriegshefte: "Menschlichkeit," 1916

E. Kriegshefte: 1917

F. Flugschriften des Bundes Neues Vaterland Nr. 2: "Durch zum Rechtsfrieden," 1919

G. Pamphlets, 1921-1923

H. "Sicherund durch militärische Gewalt?" 1924; "Welfriedenskongress u. Weltfrieden," 1924; Verkünder u. Verwirklicher," 1928

I. Pamphlets, 1928-1929

J. "Erotik u. Altruismus, 1934; "Elisabeth Forster-Nietzsche, ein Wort zu ihrem Gedächtnis," Jan. 1936 "Schüle und Leben"

K. Books-Karoline Michaelis: Eine auswahl inrer Briefe, 1912; Liebe (two copies 1925 and 1927)

Box 10

L. Galley copy of "Antimilitaristische Kongresse," 1921; Newspaper articles by Stöcker, 1936-1939 (2 folders)

XVI. Literature about Stöcker

A. 1929-60th birthday press releases and commemorative book

B. 1938-"Helene Stöcker: An Appeal," by H. Picton

C. 1939-1940-Short biographies of Stöcker (German and English)

D. 1939-Speech and poem for Helene Stöcker's 70th birthday celebration

E. Biographical articles written for Stöcker's 70th birthday by Max Barth, Hermann Greid, Ludwig Quidde and others

F. 70th birthday newspaper articles: Swedish, Swiss, Danish, Norwegian, German, German emigre, Dutch, English, French, Chinese

G. 1941 U.S. newspaper articles about Stöcker

H. Obituaries, 1943

I. German newspaper articles and publicity about Stöcker, 1939-1969, 1989

J. Scholarly articles about Stöcker

1. "Dr. Helene Stöcker," from Johanna Wäscher's Wegbereiterder Deutschen Frau, 1931

2. "Helene Stöcker," from hans Wehberg's Die Führer der Deutschen Friedensbewgung(1890-1923)

3. "Helene Stöcker: Sexualreformerin u. Pazifistin," by Ingeborg Richarz-Simons

4. Wuppertaler Biographen, 1970

5. "Helene Stöcker (1869-1943): Leben und Arbeit fur die Gleichstellung der Frau," by Christl Wickert, 1988

6. "Helene Stöcker (1869-1943): Fraunerechtlerin und Soczialreformerin, ihr Leben und Wirken bis zum 1. Weltkrieg," Thesis by Jutta Overath, (HQ 1625.S76 O94 1990a in Oversize Book Collection.)

7. "A Life in Fragments: Helene Stöcker's Lebensabriss," by Regina Braker

K.Bibliography of Stöcker's work (Acc. 89A-74)

Appendix: Correspondents, 1939--1943

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

A Adamic, Louis Allen, Devere American Freinds Service Committee [ see also: Friends, Society of] Amerikanische Konsulate (Sweden) American Reconstruction Force (Levin, Robert A.) American Writers' League Anderson-Kotto, Irma* Anger-Anfanger, Dr. Anthony, Katherine Arnstein, Erma "Aufbau" (Georg, Manfred) B Bab, Julius Baber, Zonia Baer, Gertrud Balabanoff, Dr. Angelica Balch, Emily G. Baldwin, Roger Barnes, Mrs. Bernard Barth, Max "Baseler Nationalzeitung" Beard, Mary Beardsley, Helen M. Beavers, Helen D. Beckh, Marianne Beermann, Gertrud Bellquist, Prof. Eric and Mrs. Bergman, Lucy Bergner, Selma R. Beth, Prof. Karl Birth Control Federation of America (Pierson, Richard N., Pres.( [see also: Sanger] Blake, Katherine Devereux Boas, Prof Franz Boenheim, Felix (MD) Boerner, Wilhelm (MD) and Stephanie Bolins, DR.* Bostrand, Elisabet Brann, Dr. Ludwig British Consulate General and Embassy, Washington DC Brockway, Fenner* Brown, Runham Buchwald, Hede and Bruno Brupbacher, Dr. Bucky, Dr. Gustav Burger, Otto Julius Bussey, Gertrude C Campaign for World Government (Mygatt, Tracy D.) Cantigny Printing and Stationery Corp. Cappel, Else Chamberlin, William Henry Children's Court of Conciliation (Lindsey, Henriette B.) China Aid Council (Shuford, Martha) "The Christian Century" (Morrison, Charles Clayton, ed.) colby, Ruth Columbia University (Williamson, O, Director of Libraries) "Commonsense" Cope, Mrs. Walter Cramer, Clem Crocker, Grace G. Crohn, Erika C. Czechoslovakia, Consulate General (New York) D Danziger, Dr. Kurt Das, Taraknath Detzer, Dorothey Deutschberger, Dr. Otto Doig, Winifred Dosenheimer, Dr. Elise E Edinger, Dora Edson, Anita Pollitzer Epstein, Jules "Equal Rights" Erickson, Mrs. Frances Ernst, Dr. Lucy* Europa-Union (Ritzel, H.G.) The Exile Writers' Committee (Sherman, Jane) F Faber, Mrs. Hirsch- Fabian, Walter Falkenstein, Gertrud Far Eastern Information Service Farrar & Rinehart, Publishers Feist, Dr. Henry K. Felsenthal, Julia Fiedler, Mrs. Hermann Fischer, Hedwig Fox, Johanna Fried, Hans Ernest Friedlander, Walter Friends, Society of

American Friends Service Committee (Poole, Anita; Reynolds, Jean; Schaal, E.A.) Friends' Centre, Geneva (MacMaster, Gilbert) Friends Historical Library and Swarthmore College Peace Collection (Brinton, Ellen Starr; Walker, E. Virginia)

Fritz, Mrs. B.H. Fuchs, Margarete* G German American League for Culture (Deutschamerikanischer Kulturverband) Gibling, Sophie P. Gilbert, Alice Goldschmidt, Mrs. Richard Goldstein, Dr. Goodman, Lilian Grauenhoff, Fridel Graw, Mrs. Gertrude Grossmann, Kurt R., and Elsa Gudde, Prof. Gull, Lily Horber- Gumbel, Prof. H Hass, Elsa de Hallgarten, Constance Halliday, Mary Hannak, Dr. Philippine Harcourt Brace Co. Harper & Bros. Heber, Dr. phil Lily* Hellner, Kerstin* Hellstrom, Gustaf* Henry Visiting Nurse Service Neymann, Lida Gustava Hirsch, Erna and Hans G. Hofbuer, Josef* Holitscher, Arthur* Hoover Library on War, Revolution and Peace Horney, Dr. Karen Hörup, Ellen (folder also includes letters between Hörup and others)(Acc. 03A-019) Hughan, Dr. Jessie Wallace Hull, Hannah Clothier I Iarah India League of America Internationale Frauenliga fuer Frieden u. Freiheit (SEE Ragaz, Clara) International Federation of University Women International Literary Bureau International Peace Society International Relief Association [see: "Stoecker's Correspondence with Refugee Agencies, Benefactor and

the WILPF, 1936 -1943")

Intourist J Jackh, Prof. Ernest Jacobi, Walter and Elly James Jerome Hill Reference Library Jaraczewski, Margarete Johnson, W. Jollowicz, Paul Josten, Werner K Kantorowicz, Alfred Karoly, Siegbert Kawarada, Koh Keenan, C.M. Kellogg, Paul U. Kerr, Dr. Mina Kesser, Dr. Hermann and Marlene Kobler, Franz and Dora* Kohn, Prof. Hans Kollontay, Alexandra Koster, Dr. Eric Koster, Henry Krause, Friedrich Kubie, Dr. Lawrence S. L Lagerlof, Selma* Landin, Dr. Harold W. Lang, Joseph Lampland, Mrs. O. League of American Writers Lederer, Dr. Kurt Lehmann, Dr. Hedwig Leistikow, Dr. Gunar Leunbach, J.H. Lewin, Dr. Ludwig Libby, Frederick J. [see: National Council for Prevention of War] Library of Congress (Neuberger, Dr. Otto, Division of Documents) Ligue International des Droits de l'Homme et de la Democratie Nouvelle Lloyd, Lola Maverick Loewenfeld, Dr. Philipp Lore, Fr. Ludwig Louisville Courier Journal Lubitsch, Ernst Ludwig, Elga and Emil M Maeder, Hans Mayer, Anna and Guste Meiers, Dr. J. Meitner, L.* Meng, Dr. H. Minerva Booksellers Minnesota, University of (University Library) Misar, Olga Mockrauer, Dr. Franz* Moffett, Anne E. Monroe, Bertha H. Moos, Mrs. Morgenthal, M. muste, A.J. Myers, Agnes W. Mygatt, Tracy D. [see: Campaign for World Government] N "Nation" (Kirchweg, Freda, ed) National Council for Prevention of War [see: Libby] Neisser, Charlotte S.* "Neue Zurcher Zeitung"* The New School of Social Research New York Public Library Nippon Yusen Kaisya Line Nordisk Resebureau Nothmann, Rudolf O Ochs, Mrs. Olmstead, Mildred Scott Oprecht Verlag, Zurich* P P.E.N. (Beatty, Bessie; Bjorkman, Dr. Carl; Goffin, Robert; Hellstrom, Gustaf; Ould, Hermon) Park, Alice Peterson, Medora G. Pethick-Lawrence, Mrs. Philipsborn, Dr. A and Mrs. Picton, Harold and Werner Picton-Lane Pinner, Gertrude Pohl, Prof. Robert Pollaczek, Marianne Pollag, Edith Pollock, Frederick Post War World Council (Hillyer, Mary W.) Q Quidde, Ludwig

May - October 1939
November 1939 - August 1940
September 1940 - February 1941

R Ragaz, Clara and Leonhard* Randall, John Herman and Mercedes M. Rathbone, Dr. Eleanor Reiff, Lily Reinhold, Elsa Reisner, Dr. Konrad Reynolds, Jean Rhoads, Grace Riese, Dr.Hertha* Riley, Thomas A. Ritter-Hahn, Nette Ritz, Dorothy E. Robinson, Caroline Hadley Rolland, Romain Rose, Alfred Rosenberg, Tilly Rosenfeld, Dr. Kurt Rosenthal, Mae Israel Rothenberg, Ilse Rotten, Elisabeth Russel, Alys Ruyssen, Prof. Theodore S Sabor, Grace K. Saenger, Dr. L Salomon, Dr. Alice San Francisco Chronicle San Francisco Committee for Service to Emigres Sandegren, Dr. Bertha* Sanger, Margaret Saturday Review of Literature Sayre, John Nevin Scandiave, Peter Schaal, E.A. Schoenhof's Book Co. Schmidt, Andre Schmidt, Mrs. Carl Schmitz, Adele* Schutz, Dr. W. Schwabe, Henriette Schwimmer, Rosika Shanghai Jewish Chronicle Shridharani, Dr. Simons, Hanny* Simons, Hans Sinclair, Upton Smeaton, B. H. Smedley, Agnes Smirnow, Consul Solenberger, Mrs. Edwin D. Solzbacher, Dr. Wilhelm Spencer Corset Company Springer, Bruno Steel, Edith J. Steenhof, Frieda* Stern, Dr. Dora Stern, Else von Perstein and Dr. Fritz Sternfeld, W. Sternfhoff, Frieda* Stoecker, Lisa Stone, Hannah M, MD Storkama Agence Literaire Stroem, Frederik* Strus, Felix Sumner Boyd, Mary Sveriges Riksbank Swarthmore College Peace Collection Szanik, Mrs. M. Andre T Tabouis, Genevieve Taferwohn, Susy* Thein, Alfred Thony Pfister, W.* Thomas, Dr. W. Tillich, Dr. Paul Die Tribune Tryon, Gertrude U Ucker, Paul Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Consulate General, New York G. Heifetz, USSR Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign countries L. Kislova, Chief, Anglo-American Dept.

Universal Distributors Utley, Freda V Valentin, Veit* Victor, Walther Villard, Oswald Garrison von Scheltema, Adama* W Wachsner, Franz Walling, Mrs. W. English Wehberg, Hans* Weinberg, Ella Wendriner, Hans Georg and Ilse Westminster Bank Wibaut, M.* Wilcox, Jean M. Windesheim, Dr. Ernst Winsor, Mary Womrath Bookshops World Women's Party for Equal Rights Y Yalle, F. Z Zade, Beatrice* Zucker, Helmut and Lise Zuelzer, Dr. and Mrs.* ____________________________________

* Letters from these correspondents are also filed in "Letters to and from Sweden, 1939 - 1940"

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