PRIM. Federalist Papers, #10

T. Jefferson, "The Declaration of Independence," [xerox]
Benjamin Rush, "Plan for the Establishment of Public Schools," [xerox] or ["Thoughts Upon Female Education" [xerox file]
H. J. Crevecoeur, "What Is the American?" from Letters from an American Farmer [xerox excerpt]
*For the complete text of the Federalist click as follows: Nos 1-10

SEC.: Ruth H. Bloch, "The Gendered Meanings of Virtue in Revolutionary America," Signs 13 (1987), 37-58.
*Joseph J. Ellis, After the Revolution (1979), chs 1-2, epilogue
Leo Marx. The Machine in the Garden, ch. 3 [on Jeff and Crevecoeur]

SUPP. J. Appleby, "Republicanism in Old and New Contexts," WMQ 43 (January 1986), 22--34.
L. Banning, "Jeffersonian Ideology Revisited," WMQ 44 (January 1986), 3-19]
H. May, The Enlightenment in America, chs. 1-3
Kramnick, Isaac, Republicanism and bourgeois radicalism : political ideology in late eighteenth-century England and America (Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press, 1990) [ McCabe JA84.G7 K73 1990]
Jay Fliegelman, Prodigals and Puritans: The American Revolution against Patriarchal authority 1750-1800 (Stanford, 1984). E 163.F58.1982
Millican, Edward, One united people : the Federalist papers and the national idea (Lexington, Ky. : University Press of Kentucky, c1990) [Magill JK155 .M55 1990: ord. Sw. 7/9]

HISTOIOG.: R. Shalope, "Toward a Republican Synthesis," WMQ, 29 (1972), 49-80.
'' , "Republicanism," ibid., 39 (1982), 334-56.
I. Kramnick, "Republican Revisionism Revisited," AHR, 87 (1982), 629.
Rodgers, Daniel, "Republicanism: The Career of a Concept," Journal of American History 79 (June 1992), 11-38

TOPICS:

Jefferson the Declaration and "Notes on Virginia"

J. Appleby, "What is Still American," WMQ 39 (1982), 287-309
__________, "The Social Origins of American Revolutionary Ideology," JAH 64 (1978), 935-58
C. Becker, The Declaration of Independence (1922)
Lost World of Thomas Jefferson (1947)
L. Marx, The Machine in the Garden, chs. 1, 3.
D. McCoy, The Elusive Republic, chs. 1-3
G. Wills, Inventing America, pts. 2-3

Texts. Declaration of Independence. Notes on the State of Virginia

**on the Wills thesis: see R. Hamowy, "Jefferson and the Scottish Enlightenment," WMQ 36 (1979; and K,. Lynn, "Falsifying Jefferson, Commentary 66 #4 (October 1978), also in Lynn, Air-line to Seattle

James Madison: Republicanism, Pluralism, and The Federalist

D. Adair, "10th Federalist Revisited," W&MQ 8 (1951), 48-67
P. Bourke, "The Pluralist Reading of the Tenth Federalist," Perspectives in Am. Hist. 9 (1975)
M. Diamond, "Democracy and the Federalist," Am. Pol. Sci. Rev. ((53)) (1959)
D. Howe, "The Political Psychology of the Federalist," WMQ 44 (July 1987), 485-509
S. Katz, "Origins of Constitutional Thought," Perspectives in Amer. Hist. III (1969)
McCoy, Drew R., The last of the fathers : James Madison and the Republican legacy (Cambridge [Cambridgeshire] ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1989[McCabe E342 .M33 1989
G. Wills, Explaining America (1980)

*text: The Federalist For complete text of the Federalist see the URL: gopher://wiretap.spies.com/00/Library/Classic/federalist.txt. It will take a lot of memory to download.

Crevecoeur's America: Republican or Liberal?

Allen, Gay Wilson, 1903-,St. John de Crevecoeur : the life of an American farmer ( New York : Viking, 1987) [ H Magill PS737.C5 Z54 1987 ; B Canaday PS737.C5 Z54 1987
Philbrick, Thomas, St. John de Crevecoeur.( New York, Twayne Publishers [1970][ S McCabe PS737.C5 Z85]
Regis, Pamela., Describing early America : Bartram, Jefferson, Crevecoeur, and the rhetoric of natural history / ( DeKalb : Northern Illinois University Press, 1992[H Magill PS367 .R44 1992

*for further bibliography see Cutting, Rose Marie., John and William Bartram, William Byrd II, and St. John de Crevecoeur : a reference guide (Boston : G. K. Hall, c1976[S McCabe Ref Z1231.P8 C87 INHOUSE ONLY]

Text: Letters from an American Farmer Text: Letters from an American Farmer

Gender and Virtue: Benjamin Rush and Republican Schooling

R. Church, Education in the United States, ch. 1
H. Kuritz, "Benjamin Rush," Hist. Ed. Q. 7 (1967), 417-31
J. Messerli, "The Columbian Complex," Hist. Ed. Q. 7 (1967), 417-31
D. Tyack, "Forming the National Character," Harvard Ed. Rev. 36 (1966), 29-41
L. Kerber, "The Republican Mother," American Quarterly 28 (1976): 187-205

*for primary materials see selections from Rush in Wilson Smith, ed., Theories of Education in Early America, and in F. Rudolph, ed., Essays on Education. Focus may be on his views of education for women with reference to Bloch, "Gendered Meanings of Virtue" or with reference to "republicanism" and "liberalism" and the thesis of Richard Ellis, After the Revolution.

Additional Topics (see fileserver for bibliography)

Noah Webster and the Creation of American Identity

PRIM.: George Bancroft, "The Office of the People." For library copy see J. Blau, ed., Social Theories of Jacksonian Democracy, 18.
J.F. Cooper, The American Democrat [xerox selections]
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (2 vols. 1840), VOL. ii, BK. 4, ch. 1-8

SEC..: *J. Kasson, Civilizing the Machine, chs. 1, 4
*R.J. Wilson, Figures of Speech, Introd. ch. 2.
Levine, Lawrence W. Highbrow/Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Heirarchy in America (Harvard, 1988), part I.[xerox file]

SUPP. K. Halttunen, Confidence Men and Painted Women (1982).
Lawrence F. Kohl, The Politics of Individualism: Parties and the American Character in the Jacksonian Era (1989) [Jk2260.K64.1989]
M. Meyers, "The Jacksonian Persuasion," American Quarterly (1954)

TOPICS:

Jacksonian Theorists:

(a) George Bancroft : Democrat

Canary, Robert H., George Bancroft, (New York, Twayne Publishers [1974]]McCabe E175.5 .B1916
Nye, Russel Blaine, George Bancroft, Brahmin rebel (New York, A. A. Knopf, 1944) [McCabe E175.5.B2 N9]
Handlin, Lillian, George Bancroft, the intellectual as Democrat (New York : Harper & Row, c1984) [McCabe E340.B2 H36 1984]
Howe, M. A. De Wolfe (Mark Antony De Wolfe), The life and letters of George Bancroft(New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1908) [ McCabe E340.B2 H8 v. 1 -2

(b) James F. Cooper: Critic of Democracy

James F. Cooper, The American Democrat.
Marvin Meyers, The Jacksonian Persuasion (1957), chs. 1-4, and Appendix A.
Warren Motley, The American Abraham: James Fenimore Cooper and the Frontier Patriarch (Camb U. Press, 1987)
Stephen Railton, Fenimore Cooper: A Study of His Life and Imagination (1979)
Eric Sundquist, Home as Found: Authority and Geneology in 19th Century American Literature (1979), ch. on Cooper

*paper should consider James F. Cooper, The American Democrat (1838) with the rhetoric and analysis in the Federalist. and in reference to the "political" culture of the Jacksonian era. For background see James F. Cooper: D.A. Ringe, J.F. Cooper (1962); D. Waples, Whig Myth of J.F. Cooper (1938). See also Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land, and Meyers, Jacksonian Persuasion.

Minstrels

Baker, Jean Affairs of Party, ch. 6
Engle, Gary D. This Grotesque Essence: plays from the American Mintsrel Stage (1978) [PS632.T47]
Lott, Eric, Love and theft : blackface minstrelsy and the American working class (1993).[ISBN 0195078322 (text) :
Saxton, Alexander"Blackface Minstrelsy and Jacksonian Ideology," American Quarterly 27 (1979), 3-23. See also his Saxton, Alexander, The rise and fall of the white republic : class politics and mass culture in nineteenth-century America [London ; New York : Verso, 1990][ ISBN 086091271X (hard) [H Magill E184.A1 S28 1990
Toll, R. C. Blacking Up (1974)

Circuses, Popular Culture and Mass Audience

Allen, Robert Clyde, Horrible prettiness : burlesque and American culture (Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, c1991) (alk. paper)[B Canaday PN1948.U6 A45 1991]
Grimsted, David, Melodrama Unveiled: American Theater and Culture 1800-1850 (Chicago, 1968, reprinted 1987) , esp. chs. 7-9 [PN1918.U5.G7.1987]
Harris, Neil Humbug: The Art of P.T. Barnum (1973)
Levine, Lawrence W. Highbrow/Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Heirarchy in America (Harvard, 1988), part I.

*paper should focus on the allegedly "democratic" character of culture" in this period.

IV. Ministers, Women and The Feminization of American Culture

PRIM..: Catharine Beecher, "How to Redeem Woman's Profession from Dishonor," Harper's 31 (1865) [xerox]
Frances Trollope, Domestic Manners of the Americans, chs. 5, 8 [xerox]
Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America" vol. II, chs. 8-12 [xerox]

SEC..: *Ann Douglas, The Feminization of American Culture, chs. 1-5
Paul Johnson, A Shopkeeper's Millennium, Introd., Afterword
Louis J. Kern, An Ordered Love, Introd., pts. I, IV, V
K. K. Sklar, Catharine Beecher, ch. 11

SUPP. Gayle Graham Yates, "Spirituality and the American Feminist Experience," Signs 9:1 (Autumn, 1983), 59-72
Mary Kelley, Private Women, Public Stage (1984)
Donald Scott, From Ministry to Profession
Sandra S. Sizer, Gospel Hymns and Social Religion (1978)

TOPICS:

Calvinism and the Cult of Domesticity:The Beechers

Cott, Nancy, Bonds of Womanhood
'' , "Passionlessness: an Interpretation of Victorian Sexual Ideology 1790-1850," Signs 4 (1978), 219-36
Ryan, Mary P. Cradle of the Middle Class, esp. ch 5
M. Rugoff, The Beechers: An American Family
K. K. Sklar, Catharine Beecher
M. van de Wetering, "The Concept of 'Home' in 19th Century America," J. of Am. Studies 18 (April 1984), 5-28
B. Welter, "Cult of True Womanhood," Am. Q. 18 (1966)

*three of C. Beecher's principal works are in McCabe: American Women's Home (1869), Religious Training of Children (1864) and Education Reminiscences (1874)

Gender and Utopia

(1) General

Albinski, N.B."Utopia Reconsidered: Women Novelists and 19th Century Utopian Visions," Signs 13 (1988), 830-41.
Barker, Charles , American Convictions (for descrtiptive overview of Utopias)
Tyler, Alice , Freedom's Ferment, part II
Walters, Ron, American Reformers, chs. 2,3

p (2) New Harmony and the Owenite Ideal

Kolmerten, Carol A., Women in utopia : the ideology of gender in the American Owenite communities (Bloomington : Indiana University Press, c1990) [McCabe HX696.O9 K65 1990]

(3) Oneida and the Pursuit of Perfection

M. L. Carden, Oneida
S. Olin, "Oneida," JAH 67 (Sept. 1980), 285-302
C. Robertson, Oneida Community: The Breaking Up 1876-81 (1972)
R. D. Thomas, The Man Who Would be Perfect. . . Noyes (1977)
Foster, Lawrence, Religion and Sexuality: The Shakers, the Mormons, and the Oneida Community (1981)
L. Kern, An Ordered Love . . . Sex Roles in Victorian Utopias (1981)

Religious Revivals: Charles G. Finney and the "Second" Awakening

Michael Bakkun, Crucible of the Millennium: the Burned Over District of New York in the 1840s (1986)
L. Banner, "Religion and Reform in the Early Republic," Am. Q. 23 (December 1971)
R.D. Birdsall, "The Second GA and the New England Social Order," Church History 39 (1970), 345-64
Donald Mathews, "The Second Great Awakening as an Organizing Process," Am. Q. 17 (1969), 23-43
Paul S. Johnson, The Shopkeeper's Millennium
Nathan O. Hatch, "The Christian Movement and the Demand for a Theology of the People," Journal of American History 67 (1980), 545-67
Ryan, Mary P., Cradle of the Middle Class, ch. 2

*the paper should discuss Finney's Lectures on Revivals to the secondary literature on the social basis of the 2nd GA.

PRIM.: R. W. Emerson, Self Reliance, The American Scholar,.
Uses of Great Men

SEC.: *J. Kasson, Civilizing the Machine, ch. 3
R. Jackson Wilson,* Figures of Speech , ch. 4 (on Emerson).

SUPP.Boller, Paul F., American transcendentalism, 1830-1860 : an intellectual inquiry
Buell, Lawrence, New England Literary Culture: from Revolution through Renaissance (Cambridge, Eng. 1986).
H. May, Enlightenment in America, Sect. IV
Philip Gura, The Wisdom of Words (1981)
I. Howe, The American Newness: Culture and Politics in the Age of Emerson (1986)
David S. Reynolds, *Beneath the American Renaissance,
A. Rose, Transcendentalism as a Social Movement (1981)

TOPICS:

Emersonian "Individualism" and "Americanism": for Men Only?

Gay Wilson Allen, Waldo Emerson (1981) [and review by K. Lynn, "Emerson the Man," The Air-line to Seattle (1983)
J. Blau, "Emerson's Transcendentalist Individualism," Review of Metaphysics 31 (1977), 80-92.
Cayton, Mary K. Emerson's Emergence: Self and Society in the Transformation of New England (Chapel Hill, 1990)
S. Elkins, Slavery , ch. IV
Leverenz, David, Manhood and the American renaissance(1989), ch. 2
J. McIntosh, "Emerson's Unmoored Self," Yale Review 65 (1976), 232-40
A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol. II, ch. 2, Bk. 2.

*the paper should explore Emerson's doctrine of "individualism" and of "American culture" with reference to changes in the socialization process. For suggestive comments see Rupert Wilkinson, American Tough (1986), pp. 68-9. and Joyce W. Warren, The American Narcissus: Individualism and Women in Nineteenth Century American Fiction (1984).

Transcendentalism and Feminism (Margaret Fuller)

S. Conrad, Perish the Thought, ch. 2
A. Douglas, Feminization, ch. 8
P. Eakin, "Fuller, Hawthorne, James and Sexual Politics," So. At. Q. 75 (1976)
B. Chevigny, "Introduction," The Woman and the Myth (1976)
Berkson, D. " 'Born and Bred in Different Nations: Margaret Fuller and Ralph Waldo Emeson, '" in Patrons and Prot, ed Shirley Marchalonis (Rutgers, 1988) [PS 147.P38.1988]

*paper should focus on Fuller's Women in the 19th Century. For a recent biography see Paula Blanchard, Margaret Fuller: from Transcendentalism to Revolution (New York, 1978) [PS2506 .B57 1978] . On Fuller's reputation see J. Meyerson, comp. Critical Essays on Margaret Fuller (1980) [PS2507.C7]. See also Robert N. Hudspeth, ed. The Lettersof Margaret Fuller (2 vols. 1983).

PRIM..: N. Hawthorne,"Rappacini's Daughter," "The Celestial Railroad," Earth's Holocaust"
W. Irving, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" [includes text and other materials developed at the University of Texas]
H. Melville, "Paradise of Bachelors/Tartarus of Maids;" "Bartleby the Scrivener". For the text and additional materials developed at the University of Texas, click here.

SEC.: *J. Kasson, Civilizing the Machine, chs. 2
*R. Jackson Wilson, Figures of Speech, chs. 2, Epilogue
David S. Reynolds, Beneath the American Renaissance, ch. 4-5, 6, 9-10, 12-13

SUPP.Lawrence Buell, New England Literary Culture: From Revolution through Renaissance (1986)
Coultrap-McQuin, Susan Margaret, Doing literary business : American women writers in the nineteenth century (Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, c1990.) [McCabe PS147 .C68 1990]
L. Marx, The Machine in the Garden, ch. 5

Jeffrey Steele, The Representation of Self in the American Renaissance (Chapel Hill, 1989)
L. Ziff, Literary Democracy

HISTORIOG. Nina Baym, "Melodrama's of Beset Manhood: How Theories of American Literature Exclude Women Writers," Am. Quarterly 33 (summer 1981)
Paul Lauter, "Race and Gender in the Shaping of the American Literary Canon," Feminist Studies 9 (1983), 435-64.

TOPICS:

Washington Irving and the New America

R. Bone, "Irving's Headless Hessian," Am. Q. 15 (1963)
H. L. Hedges, Washington Irving (1965)

T. Martin, "Rip, Ichabod and Am. Imagination," American Literature 31 (1959)
Rubin-Dorsky, Jeffrey, "A Crisis of Identity: The Sketch Book and Nineteenth-Century American Culture," Prospects 12 , pp. 255-291 [shelved E 169.1.P898 v. 12]
R.J. Wilson, Figures of Speech, Introd. ch. 2.

*paper should focus on Washington's views of American society ( and of women) as reflected in "Rip Van Winkle," and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow". For older studies of Irving see V. L. Parrington, Main Currents II,

VI. American Renaissance--con't

Hawthorne's Heroines

Baym, Nina, The shape of Hawthorne's career (Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press, 1976) [Canaday PS1888 .B3] [check for piece on Hawthorne's women]
Herzog, Kristin, Women, Ethnics, and Exotics: Images of Power in Mid-Nineteenth Century American Fiction (Tennessee, 1983) [PS374.W6.H45.1983]
Reynolds,David S. *Beneath the American Renaissance, ch. 13>

* paper should focus on Hawthorne's attitudes as evidenced in "Rappacini's Daughter" and the short stories discussed in Reynolds, Beneath, ch. 13, (or any of the longer works you may have read, e.g. Scarlet Letter, and with reference to the arguments of Baym, op. cit. Lauter, op. cit. and Joyce W. Warren, The American Narcissus: Individualism and Women in Nineteenth Century American Fiction (1984). For addtional discussions of the theme see Bibliography in Herzog, op. cit.For general studies of Hawthorne see J. R. Mellow, Hawthorne in His Times (1980), T. Stoehr, Hawthorne's Mad Scientists (1978),A. Turner, N. Hawthorne (1980), L. Ziff, Literary Democracy, ch. 7

Herman Melville:

(a) Offices and Factorie 

T. Bender, Toward an Urban Vision, ch. 3
A. Dawley, Class and Community: The Industrial Revolution in Lynn (1976)
L. Marx, The Machine in the Garden, ch. 5.
A. Meier, "Technology and Democracy," JAH 43 (1957), 618-40
J. Sanford, "The Intellectual Origins of American Industry," The Quest for Paradise

*Melville's attitudes toward industrialism/comercialism may be contrasted with those prevalent at the time. For suggestive criticism of "Tartarus" see R. Eby, Mod. Lang. Q. (Mar. 1940); W. Thompson, Am. Q. 9 (Spr. 1957); B. Rowland, "Melville's Bachelors and Maids," Am. Lit. 41 (1969); and Marx, Machine, ch. 5. On "Bartleby" see

(b) Melville and Manhood

Douglas, Ann, Feminization, ch. 9
Haberstroth, Charles J. Melville and Male Identity (1980) [see me for copy]
Leverenz, David, Manhood and the American renaissance(1989), ch.10
Martin, Robert K., Hero, Captain and Stranger: Male Friendship, Social Critique, and Literary Form in the Novels of Herman Melville (Chapel Hill 1990)
Warren, Joyce W., The American Narcissus: Individualism and Women in Nineteenth Century American Fiction (1984)

*For a Bibliography of Melville Criticism click here

For weeks VII-XIV click here.