VII. Gentility and "Realism" in the Gilded Age

PRIM. William Dean Howells, "Pernicious Fiction," Harper's 74 (1887), 824-26.
Howells, The Rise of Silas Lapham
George Santayana, "The Genteel Tradition" (xerox)

SEC. * Alan Trachtenberg, The Incorporation of America (1983), Preface, chs. 5, 6, 7.
Kaplan, Amy, The Social Construction of American Realism (1988), Introduction, ch. 1

SUPP. Allen, James L. "Two Principles in Recent American Fiction," Atlantic Monthly 80 (Oct. 1897), 438
Bender, Thomas, New York Intellect, ch. 5.
Jones, Howard Mumford, Age of Energy, ch.
Lawrence W. Levine, Highbrow/Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Heirarchy in America (Harvard, 1988), parts II, III
May, Henry The End of American Innocence, Pt. I (pp. 3-120)
*Orvell, Miles, The Real Thing (Chapel Hill, 1989), ch. 2, 3
Whitman, Walt "Democratic Vistas" (1871)
Mumford, Lewis The Brown decades
Perry, Lewis Intellectual Life in America, pp. 263-316.

TOPICS

Howells and the "Genteel Tradition"

Bell, Miachael D., "The Sin of Art and the Problems of American Realism: William D. Howells," Prospects 9 (1984), 121
Borus, Daniel H. Writing Realism: Howells, James, and Norris in the Mass Market (Chapel Hill, 1989)
Bowlby, RachaelJust Looking: Consumer Culture in Dreiser, Gissing, and Zola, ch. 6
Goldman, L. T. "The Iron Madonna," New England Quarterly 50 (1977), 563-86.
Habegger, Alfred, Gender, fantasy, and realism in American literature : the rise of American literary realism in W.D. Howells and Henry James (New York : Columbia University Press, 1982) [McCabe PS374.R37 H3

*paper should focus on Howells' attitudes toward culture, capitalism, and society in The Rise of Silas Lapham . For general background on Howells see E. S. Cady, The Road to Realism , and The Realist at War (1958); K. Vanderbilt, The Achievement of William Dean Howells; R. W. Schneider, Five Novelists of the Progressive Era (1965); and Sender Garlin, Howells and the Haymarket Era (1979). For Howells' theories of literature of "realism" see C. and R. Kirk, eds. Criticism and Fiction, and Literarure and Life (1902, reprinted 1968), especially "The Art of the Adsmith," and "The Man of Letters as a Man of Business." For older but still suggestive brief references to Howells see Lewis Mumford, The Golden Day, S. Persons, Decline, ch. 4 (esp. pp. 113-29), and George Santayana, "The Genteel Tradition."

Jacob Riis: "Realism" vs. Reality

Alland, Alexander ed. Jacob A. Riis: photographer & citizen (Millerton, N.Y. : Aperture, [1974]) [McCabe HV4045 .R5 1974
Orville, Miles, The Real Thing , ch. 3
Stange, Maren, Symbols of Ideal Life: Social Documentary Photography in America 1890-1950 (New York, 1989) [TR820.5.S69.1989]
Hales, Peter B., Silver cities : the photography of American urbanization,1839-1915 (Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 1984) [McCabe TR820.5 .H33 1984]
Trachtenberg, Incorportation, esp. pp. 126-28.

*older studies of Riis include James B. Lane, Jacob A. Riis and the American city (Port Washington, N. Y. : Kennikat Press, 1974) [McCabe HN64 .L24]. For examples of Riis's work click here.

The "White City": Interpreting the Columbian Exposition

Gilbert, James Burkhart., Perfect cities : Chicago's utopias of 1893 [Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1991) [B Canaday F545 .G43 1991]
Harris, N. "Great American Fairs. . .:The Role of Chicago's Columbian Exposition, " in Cultural excursions : marketing appetites and cultural tastes in modern America (Chicago, 1990) [ S McCabe NX180.S6 H325 1990]
Levine, Lawrence, Highbrow/Lowbrow, pp. 208-12
Rydell, Robert W., All the world's a fair : visions of empire at American international expositions, 1876-1916 (University of Chicago Press, 1984) [McCabe T395.5.U6 R93 1984]
Sullivan, Louis The Autobiography of an Idea, pp. 285-330.
Trachtenberg, Alan, Incorporation of America , ch. 7

Additonal Topics (see fileserver)

Santayana and the "Genteel Tradition"

Mark Twain's Connecticut Yankee as Social Criticism

PRIM. Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward
A. Carnegie, "The Gospel of Wealth," (Xerox)
W.G. Sumner, "The Forgotten Man," in R. Bannister, ed. On Liberty, Society, and Politics: The Essential Essays of William Graham Sumner

SEC: R. Bannister, Social Darwinism, Preface, Introduction (1989 rev), chs.
______, "Introduction," On Liberty, Society, and Politics: The Essential Essays of William Graham Sumner [sketch of Sumner]
*J. Kasson, Civilizing the Machine, ch. 5.

SUPP.:P. Boller, American Thought in Transition, chs. 1-2, 4-5, 9
Peter Bowler, Evolution (1984)
G. H. Daniels, American Science in the Age of Jackson, ch. 3
Richard Hofstadter, Social Darwinism in American Thought (1944)

HISTORIOG.Lindberg, David C. and Numbers, Ronald, "Beyond War and Peace: A reappraisal of the Encounter Between Christianity and Science," Church History 55 (1986), 338-54.
Donald Bellomy, "'Social Darwinism' Revisited," Perspectives in American History, n.s. 1 (1984), 1-129.

TOPICS:

Darwinism, Religion, and the Rise of Fundamentalism

W. Hutchison, The Modernist Impulse in American Protestantism (1976)
George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture (1980)
J. R. Moore, Post Darwinian Controversies, chs. 1-8, 11
Ernest Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism: British and American Millenarianism 1800-1930 (1970)
______________, "Towards a Historical Interpretation of... Fundamentalism," Church H 36 (1967); with response by L. Moore, Ibid., 37 (1966), 195-202

*for relation to gender, see Bendroth, Fundamentalism and Gender, 1875- (Yale, 1993)

"Conservative" Darwinism": Carnegie, Sumner and the American Spencerians

R. Bannister, Social Darwinism, chs. 2-4
. Sociology and Scientism, chs. 6,7
'' , Foreword, to Liberty, Society
Karl, Barry Dean, "Andrew Carnegie and his gospel of philanthropy," in The Responsibilities of wealth [Indiana Univ. Press, 1992] [see me for copy]
R. Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace (ch. 1, pp. on Spencer)
R. McCloskey, American Conservatism, chs. 1, 6
J. F. Wall, Andrew Carnegie (1970) [on relations with Spencer only]
I. Wyllie, "Social Darwinism and the Businessman," PAPS 103 (1959)

*paper should concentrate on Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth or he writings of Sumner in Bannister ed. On Liberty, Society, and Politics: The Essential Essays of William Graham Sumner

"Reform Darwinism": Edward Bellamy and Nationalism

D. Bleich, "Eros and Bellamy," Am. Q. 16 (1964), 445-59
A. Morgan, Edward Bellamy (1944)
T. Sanction, "Looking Inward," Am. Q. 25 (1973), 538-
J. Thomas, Alternative America [sections on Bellamy]

*for some recent general discussions of Utopianism see Michael Fellman, The Unbounded Frame: Freedom and Community in 19th Century Utopianism (1973); E. Hansot, Two Modes of Utopian Thought (1974), esp. chs. 1, 7; and Fogarty, Robert S. All Things New: American Communes and Utopian Movements 1860-1914 (Chicago, 1990)

PRIM. C.S. Peirce, "The Fixation of Belief;" William James, "The Will to Believe;" O.W. Holmes, "The Path of the Law," and Dewey, "The Influence of Darwinism on Philosophy," in American Thought, ed. Perry Miller

SEC..: D. Hollinger, "The Problem of Pragmatism," J. Am. Hist. 67 (1980), 88-107
Cornel West, The American Evasion of Philosophy (1989), chs. 1-3
Feffer, Andrew, The Chicago pragmatists and American progressivism (1993), chs. Introd, ch 13.

SUPP. H. May, The End of American Innocence, pt II, ch. 2.
Kloppenberg, James, Uncertain Victory
Wilson, Daniel J. Science Communty and the Transformation of American Philosophy 1860-1930 (1990)

TOPICS:

William James and the Meaning of Pragmatism

George Cotkin, William James, Public Philosopher
D. Hollinger, op. cit.
B. Kuklick, The Rise of American Philosophy
Livingston, James, Pragmatism and the political economy of cultural revolution (Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, c1994) ] [E169.1 .L58 1994 ord. McCabe 6/15/95]

*for a good general account of the ideas of James see Paul Conkin, Puritans and Pragmatists. For full list of recent books/articles on James see file "Pragmatism" under AIH bibliography on "Classes File."

John Dewey and the "Liberal" Tradition

Coughlan, Neil, Young John Dewey : an essay in American intellectual history (Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1975) [McCabe B945.D44 C63 ]
Feffer, Andrew, The Chicago pragmatists and American progressivism ( Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1993[ McCabe TreasR SWARTH LD5199 1977.F43 C54 1993]
Kloppenberg, James, Uncertain Victory
Rockefeller, Steven C., John Dewey : religious faith and democratic humanism (New York : Columbia University Press, c1991) [ McCabe B945.D44 R57 1991]
Cornel West, The American Evasion of Philosophy (1989), ch. 3 Westbrook, Robert B., John Dewey and American democracy (Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press, 1991) [ McCabe JC251.D48 W47 1991]

*these recent attempt to appropriate Dewey and pragmatism for a communitarian liberalism should be contrasted with such older studies as. Morton White, Social Thought in America: The Revolt Against Formalism (1949), esp. chs. 1, 2, 9; P. Wiener, Evolution and the Founders of Pragmatism (1949) [S McCabe Honors Hist 136: Amer Intellect Hist];Arthur E, Murphy, "Dewey and American Liberalism," Journal of Philosophy 57 (12960): 420-26. For a discussion of changing interpretations of Dewey and pragmatism with reference to liberalism see Feffer, Chicago pragmatists , pp. 4-9. For a critical view see Diggins, Promise of Pragmatism (1994), esp. chaps 5-6 on Dewey.

O. W. Holmes and "Sociological Jurisprudence"

Auerbach, J."Enmity and Amity: Law Teachers and Practitioners 1900-22," Perspectives in American History 5 (1971), 551-601
Baker, Liva, The justice from Beacon Hill : the life and times of Oliver Wendell Holmes ( New York, NY : Harper Collins, c1991) ISBN 0060166290 [H Magill , KF8745.H6 B35 1991] Ordered Sw. 7/92
Johnson, John W. American Legal Culture 1908-40 (1981)

Johnson, W.R.Schooled Lawyers (1973)
Rumble, W."Legal Realism and Holmes," JHI 26 (1965); also Rumble, American Legal Realism
Stevens, R. "Two Cheers for 1870: The American Law School," Perspectives in American History (1971), 403-548 [for background]

*the paper should discuss Holmes ideas as illustrated in the writings in M. Lerner, ed. The Mind and Faith of Justice Holmes with reference to the professionalization of the law. Older but still useful studies of Holmes's thought include I. Bernstein, "The Conservative Mr. Justice Holmes," New England Quarterly (Dec. 1950), 435-52; M.H. Fisch, "Holmes, the Prediction Theory of Law," J. Philos. 39 (1942), 85-97

PRIM.: L.F. Ward, "Mind as a Social Factor" [xerox]
E. A. Ross, Social Control [Xerox excerpts]
Thorndike, [autobiography] (xerox selection)

SEC.: B. Bledstein, The Culture of Professionalism, ch. 1-3
R. Bannister, Sociology and Scientism, Introd. Conclusion
Ross, D. "The Development of the Social Sciences," The Organization of Knowledge, eds. Oleson and Voss

SUPP.J. Burnham, "The New Psychology," in Braeman et al., Change and Continuity
Thomas Haskell, The Emergence of Professional Social Science (1977)
H. May, End of Am. Innocence, pt. II, chs. 1-2.
C. Lasch, The New Radicalism, ch. 5
E. Purcell, The Crisis of Democratic Theory, chs. 1-6
Ross, D. The Origins of American Social Science (1990)

TOPICS:

Sociology: from Social Reform to Scientism

Bannister, R. Sociology and Scientism: The American Quest for Objectivity (1987), esp. Introd., chs. 1-5, Conclusion
Cravens, H. "The Abandonment of Evolutionary Social Theory," American Studies XII (1971) (copy in Xerox file)
Kuklick, H. "Boundary Maintenance," J. Hist. Behav. Sciences (1980)
Oberschall, A."The Institutionalization of American Sociology," The Establishment of Empirical Sociology (1972)
Ross, D. The Origins of American Social Science (1990)

Psychology: from Functionalism to Behaviorism

D. Bakan, "Behaviorism and American Urbanization," J. Hist. Behav. Sci. 2 (1966), 5-25
L. Birnbaum, "Behaviorism in the 1920s," Am. Q. 7 (1955)
P. Creelan, "Watsonian Behaviorism and the Calvinist Conscience,:" J. Hist. Behav. Sci. 10 (1974), 95-118.
_____. "Religion, Language and Sexuality in J.B. Watson, J. Humanistic Psychology 15 (Fall 1975), 55-78.
Leys, Ruth, "Meyer, Watson and the Dangers of Behaviorism," J. Hist. Behav. Sciences 20 (1984), 128-49.

*two seminal articles that illustrate "functionalism" and "behaviorism" respectively are J. Dewey, "The Reflex Arc Concept," Psychological Review (1896) and J. B. Watson, "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It," (Xerox). For background see R. Lowry, The Evolution of Experimental Psychology (1971), T. Camfield, "Professionalization of American Psychology,," J. Hist. Behav. Sciences 9 (January 1973), Clarence J. Karier, Scientists of the Mind (1986), and Donald S.Napoli, Architects of Adjustment: a History of the Psychological Profession in the U.S. (1981)

Schooling Society: Progressive Education from Dewey to Thorndike

R. Callahan, Education and Cult of Efficiency (1962)
R. Church, Education in the U.S., chs. 9-12
L. Cremin, Transformation of the School
Joel H. Spring, Education and the Rise of the Corporate State
D. Tyack, One Best System, pp. 126-216

*paper should focus on comparison of Dewey, Child and the Curriculum and and any of Thorndike's writings (see collection edited by G. Jonich).

PRIM. Jane Addams, "The Subjective Necessity of Social Settlements" [xerox]
C.P. Gilman, Women and Economics (xerox excerpt)
C.P. Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper (xerox file and Honors reserve)
*see also Web site projects at the University of Texas exploring the Yellow Wallpaper.
SEC. *Rosalind Rosenberg, Beyond Separate Spheres, Introd., chs. 1-2, 6, Epilogue
William Leach, True Love and Perfect Union, ch. 11

SUPP. Barbara Ehrenreich and Diedre English, For Her Own Good
Fitzpatrick, Ellen F., Endless Crusade : women social scientists and progressive reform (New York, 1990) [McCabe HQ1412 .F56 1990]

TOPICS:

Jane Addams and Chicago Sociology

Allen Davis, American Heroine
Mary Jo. Deegan, Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School (1988)
_____. "Early Women Sociologists in the American Sociological Society," American Sociologist 16 (f. 81), 14-24 [xerox file]
Sklar, Kathryn K. "Hull House in the 1890s," Signs 10 (1985): 658-77
K. Sklar, "The Hull House Maps," in Bulmer, Martin et al. The Social survey in historical perspective, 1880-1940 (Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 1991)[ ISBN 0521363349 HN29 .S645 1991]

*paper should focus on Addams "Subjective Necessity" and Democracy and Social Ethics (1902).

The Radical Feminism of Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Allen, Polly W. Building Domestic Liberty: Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Architectural Feminism (Amherst, 1988)
Berkin, C."Charlotte P. Gilman," in Portraits of American Women , ed. Barker-Benfield and C. Clinton,
Degler, C. "C. P. Gilman," Am. Q. 8 (1956), 21-39
Hill,Mary A.Charlotte Perkins Gilman: The Making of a Radical Feminist (1980)
Lane, Ann, Charlotte P. Gilman
Palmeri, Ann "C.P. Gilman: Forerunner of a Feminist Social Science," Discovering Reality, ed. Sandra Harding and Merill B. Hintikka (1983), pp. 97-119.

*paper should focus on Gilman's Women and Economics and The Yellow Wallpaper

W. E.B. Dubois: Social Science vs. Mysticism

Aptheker, Herbert ed., The Correspondence of W.E.B. Dubois 1877-1934 (1973)
Broderick, Francis L. W.E.B. DuBois (1959)
Brodwin, Stanley, "The Veil Transcended: Form and Meaning in Dubois Souls of Black Folk," J. Black Studies 2 (1972)
Bulmer, M. "W.E.B. Dubois as a Social Investigator," in Bulmer, Martin and Sklar, Kathryn, eds. The Social survey in historical perspective, 1880-1940 ( Cambridge University Press, 1991)[B Canaday HN29 .S645 1991] ord. Sw. 7/92
Fullinwider, S.P. The Mind and Mood of Black America, ch. 3
Rudwick, Elliott DuBois: Propagandist of the Negro Protest (2nd ed. 1969)

Additional Topics: see fileserver

Elsie Clews Parsons: Anthropology and Gender

PRIM.J. London, Martin Eden
T. Dreiser, Sister Carrie, ch. 1 OR
Crane, "Maggie" (depending on paper)

SEC..: Rachel Bowlby, Just Looking, chs. 1-2.
Orvell, Miles The Real Thing, ch. 4
Christopher Wilson, Labor of Words, ch. 1-2, 4, Epilogue

SUPP:R. Bannister, Social Darwinism, ch. 11
Walcutt, charles American Literary Naturalism (1956)
May, H.The End of American Innocence, Pt. II, ch. 3 "Scoffers"
Schneider, Robert W., Five novelists of the progressive era (New York, Columbia University Press, 1965 [McCabe PS379 .S36
Fisher, Philip Hard Facts:Setting and Form in the American Novel (1985) [ PS377 .F55 1985
Michaels,Walter B. The Gold Standard and the Logic of Naturalism [Hist 136: American Intellectual shelf]

TOPICS:

Jack London and Naturalism

W. Irvine, "The Influence of Darwin on Literature," PAPS 103 (1959), 61-5
F. Jaher, Doubters and Dissenters
A. Kazin, On Native Ground
K. Lynn, The Dream of Success
D. Pizer, Realism and Naturalism (1966)
________, "Evolutionary Ideas in Late 19th Century English and American Criticism," J. Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 19: 305-10
C. Walcutt, American Literary Naturalism (1956)

*on London see Gurian, "Romantic Necessity," Am. Lit. 38 (1966), 112; and K. Hendricks, ed.,, Letters (1965). Paper should also attempt to apply some of the ideas from Bowlby to Jack London.

Dreiser, Capitalism, and Success

Robert H. Elias, Apostle of Nature (1949)
Philip Fisher, Hard Facts, ch. 3
Amy Kaplan, The Social Construction of American Realism, chs. 5-6
Waler B. Michels, Gold Standard, ch.1
Bowlby, Just Looking, ch. 4

*paper should focus on Sister Carrie . For older studies focuing on Dreiser and Darwinism see R. Stewart, "Dreiser and the Naturalistic Heresy," Virginia Quarterly Review 34 (1958), 100-16;Joe D. Thomas, "The Natural Supernaturalism of Dreiser's Novels,"Rice Institute Pamphlets 44 (1957), 112-25; and "The Supernatural Naturalism of Dreiser's Novels," Ibid. 26 (1959), 63-9. On Dreiser and the "success" theme see Kenneth Lynn, The Dream of Success (ch. on Dreiser)

Stephen Crane's Maggie

\ Bloom, Harold, ed. Crane, Stephen, 1871-1900 --Criticism and interpretation [McCabe PS1449.C85 Z925 1987
Fried, Michael, Realism, writing, disfiguration : on Thomas Eakins and Stephen Crane (University of Chicago Press, c1987) [ND237.E15 A64 1987
Horowitz, Howard, "Flower Power: Sentiment and Agency in Crane and Riis," (paper at ASA conference, Los Angeles, October 1992 [see me for copy]
Schneider, Robert, Five novelists of the progressive era (1965) [McCabe PS379 .S36] ch. on Crane

*paper should focus on successive editions and reception as presented in Maggie, a girl of the streets : (a story of New York) (1893), Stephen Crane ; an authoritative text, backgrounds and sources, criticism, edited by Thomas A. Gullason. (New York : Norton, c1979.) [McCabe PS1449.C85 M2 1979

**for the many other works on Crane see Tripod and Stephen Crane; a critical bibliography, by R. W. Stallman (Ames, Iowa State University Press, 1972.) [McCabe Ref Z8198.2 .S76]

PRIM..: R. Bourne, "History of a Literary Radical," "Transnational America"
Walter Lippmann, "Themes of Muckraking," Drift and Mastery, ch. 1.

SEC.. D. Hollinger, "Ethnic Diversity, Cosmopolitanism, and the Emergence of the American Liberal Intelligensia," Am. Q. (1975) [xerox]
*Blake, Casey N., Beloved Community: the Cultural Criticism of Randolph Bourne, V.W. Brooks, Waldo Frank, and Lewis Mumford
*Wilson, Christopher P. The labor of words : literary professionalism in the Progressive Era (Athens : University of Georgia Press, c1985.), chs.

SUPP.. C. Lasch, The New Radicalism, Introd., ch. 3, 4, 6
H. May, End of American Innocence, pts. III-IV
Daniel Joseph Singal, The War Within (1982), pp. 3-10.
Thomas Bender, New York Intellect, ch. 6.

HISTORIOG. Paul Lauter, "Race and Gender in the Shaping of the American Literary Canon," Feminist Studies 9 (1983), 435-64.

TOPICS:

Muckraking and the "New Journalism"

Chalmers, David. The Social and Political Ideas of the Muckrakers.
Hofstadter, Richard, The age of reform; from Bryan to F. D. R. (New York, Knopf, 1955), ch.
Schudsen, Michael, Discovering the News (1977)
Stein, Harry ed. Muckraking: past, present, and future. Edited by John M. Harrison and Harry H. Stein. Foreword by Irving Dilliard (University Park, Pennsylvania State University Press [1973] [S McCabe E743 .M82]
Wilson, Christopher P. The labor of words : literary professionalism in the Progressive Era (Athens : University of Georgia Press, c1985.)
Wilson, Harold S., McClure's magazine and the muckrakers, (Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1970) [ S McCabe PN4900.M28 W5

*older studies include Regier, Cornelius C., The era of the muckrakers, (Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 1932 [S McCabe E741 .R34 ] and Filler, Louis, Crusaders for American Liberalism (1939)

**paper should focus on the career of Baker, Sinclair, or Phillips. See Bibliographies on fileserver for titles.

Human Nature in Politics: The New Republic (Croly and/or Lippmann)

P. F. Bourke, "The Social Critics and the End of American Innocence 1907-21, " J. Am. Studies 3 (1969), 57-72
C. Forcey, Crossroads of Liberalism
J. Gilbert, Designing the Industrial State (1972)
D. Hollinger, "Science and Anarchy: Walter Lippmann's Drift and Mastery in Am. Q. 29 (W. '77), 463-75
J. Neuchteslein, "The Dream of Scientific Liberalism: The New Republic, Review of Politics 42 (1980)
R. Steel, Lippmann
Levy, David W, Herbert Croly of the New republic : the life and thought of an American progressive (Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, c1985 [B Canaday H59.C76 L48 1985]

Randolph Bourne and the "Lyrical Left"

Abrahams, Edward, The Lyrical Left: Randolph Bourne, Alfred Steiglitz, and the Origins of Cultural Radicalism in America (1986)
Beringause, A. "The Double Martyrdom of Bourne," JHI 18 (1957), 594-603
Blake, Casey N., Beloved Community: the Cultural Criticism of Randolph Bourne, V.W. Brooks, Waldo Frank, and Lewis Mumford (Chapel Hill, 1990)
Bourke, P."The Status of Politics: The NR, Bourne, and Brooks," J. Am. St. 8 (Ag. 1974)
Hoopes, J. "The Culture of Progressivism," CLIO 7 (1977)

*Note. Paper should focus on the essay "Transnationalism" with reference to Bourne's general program for American culture. Older studies of Bourne see L. Filler, R. Bourne and S. Paul, Randolph Bourne, and J. A. Moreau, Randolph Bourne (1966). For background on Bourne's uses of Freud and Nietzsche see F. Mathews, "Americanization of Freud," J. Am. Studies (April 1967) and B. Strong, "Images of Nietzsche in America," South Atlantic Q. 70 (1971)

Prim.: Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams, chs. 1-6, 14-20, 26-30, 35

Sec.: *T. Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture 1880-1920 (1981), ch. 7.

TOPICS:

The following are some themes to serve as a basis for a 1-2 pp. statement by each member of the seminar. Although there is no one way to develop the topic, the focus should be on Adams' treatment of the indicated theme.

1. the values and legacy of the 18th century (J. Q. Adams, Washington, Gibbon). See also History of the U.S.

2. Romanticism (transcendentalism, Beethoven, Garribaldi). See also Letters, W. C. Ford, ed. (1930)

3. impact of the Civil War (north-south themes). See also C. F. & H. Adams, A Cycle of Adams Letters 1861-65, ed. W. C. Ford (2 vols. 1920).

4. Gilded Age politics (Adams' political ambitions, relations to Grant). See also Chapters of Erie and/or Democracy.

5. Darwinism/evolution (Pterasapsis, Clarence King). See also "The Tendency of History" (1894), in Degradation of the Democratic Dogma.

6. "Scientific history." See also Adams' History, and reviews written in 1870s and 1880s.

7. women and sex (Virgin). See also Esther.

8. the Genteel Tradition (St. Gaudens)

9. late 19th century philosophies of science (Mach, Pearson, rule of phase). See also "The Rule of Phase Applied to History" (1909), in Degradation.

Recent Works (for review)

Decker, William M., The Literary Vocation of Henry Adams (Chapel Hill 1990)